I would say it's going to be caused by a poor/incorrect connection, a failed hall sensor or the controller itself, although I'm not sure whether a single hall sensor failure would be sufficient to initiate sensorless mode or not, but if that were the case, it's unlikely to be a hall sensor problem.
If it's an external controller, you can simply unplug the hall sensors and see if the wheel will run in sensorless mode, but you will need to get it turning before sensorless operation can start working.
I have a few questions for you:
How did the problem start, was it during a ride after braking on a steep hill?
Is the wheel now difficult to turn (lumpy) with the power off or is it just as smooth as it's always been?
Does the motor only vibrate when you operate the throttle, or does it start vibrating as soon as the power is turned on?
I don't know what else to suggest at the moment apart from double checking the connections, especially if it has an external controller.
Alan