What's the advantage of 36v16ah over 48v10ah?
This one I can help you with. Volts = speed. Amps = Distance. So the 36 volt battery will be slower but will take you farther. If the batteries are the same technology, like both lithium or both liFePO4 A simple formula of multiplying the amps times the volts gives you an overall measurement of power. So the 36v16ah battery totals 576 and the 48v10ah totals 480. So even if you drove both batteries at the same speed the 36v16ah would still go further.
An interesting thing about technology. The 16 amp lithium batteries only you give about 13 to 14 amps from the battery until the
BMS kicks it out. The LiFepPO4 48v10ah battery will give you almost 10 amps of power before the
BMS kicks it out. So a 36v12 LiFePO4 Can deliver almost the same power as the 36v16ah lithium, The 48v10AH lithium almost the same as the 48v12ah lithium.
Another thing I can tell you is if these are the aluminum cased batteries check the technology.
The 48v10ah battery is likely LiFePO4 and is an excellent battery with very few issues. If there ever is an Issue the cells have screw tops for easy replacement.
The 36v16ah is likely Lithium Manganese and is far lower quality. If a person is lucky enough to go a year without an issue count your blessings. If you have a cell failure the cells are machine soldiered together and almost impossible to replace.
Some people go through a battery or two during their ebike years. Some even three or four and do gain some experience with different batteries. I have sold hundreds of each and if the batteries you are considering are the ones I am talking about trust me. Stay away from the Lithium Manganese!
Gary