The next time the noise develops, stop the bike and try turning the pedals backwards by hand and see if the noise occurs, and also check that the chain remains consistently tensioned along the top run between the chainwheel and the rear gear cluster
(freewheel).
If you slowly turn the pedals backwards the chain tension does not stay constant
(i.e. it intermittently varies between tight and slack along the top run) it means the freewheel mechanism is either touching somewhere it shouldn't, or there is insufficient free play
(or perhaps a foreign object) in the freewheel's internal bearings.
My gut feeling is that the noise is probably the freewheel rubbing against the outer edges of the washers due to a lack of clearance between the end of the freewheel and the spacer washer/s inside it:
If the freewheel does not appear to be touching here, it might still be worth squirting a small amount of spray grease in there to see if it makes any difference.
Alan